Being labeled a juvenile delinquent can have various causes and consequences. It often refers to a young person who has committed a crime or engaged in behavior that is considered antisocial or against the law. Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency can include family issues, peer pressure, socio-economic background, substance abuse, and mental health problems. It’s crucial to address the root causes and provide support and intervention to prevent further delinquent behavior and help the individual lead a productive life.
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- LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 1 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim CHEG 3301_P02 Chemical Engineering Laboratory 1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Submitted to Dr. Nabila Shamim LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 2 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim Heat exchangers are used in industries to transfer heat between two fluids. There are multiple types of heat exchangers. A shell-tube exchanger is the exchanger most commonly used by industries. It is where multiple inner tubes are surrounded by one outer tube. In the experiment, a shell and tube heat exchanger will be used. The figure below shows an example of the type of heat exchanger used during the experiment. Figure 1: A schematic diagram of Shell and Tube heat exchanger Figure 2: A schematic diagram of the heat exchanger LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 3 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim 1. Determine and record the following quantities, based on the system a. Number of tubes b. Number of passes c. Number of baffles d. Number of shell passes 2. Reference Information for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger a. Tube length: L = b. Tube type: c. Tube dia. outer, Do = d. Tube dia. inner, Di = e. Tube material: f. Number of tube passes, Np = g. Number of tubes per pass, Nt = h. Baffle spacing: B = i. Shell width: Ws = j. Shell height: k. Baffle window height: hbw = 3. Understanding Flow Paths and Measuring Heat Transfer Rate/Heat Duty Results and Discussion 4. Raw data for all Experiments a. Keep cold fluid flow rate constant vary hot fluid flow rate two times b. Keep hot fluid flow rate constant vary cold fluid flow rate two times Table 1. Experimental data. Expt. # Tube Side (Hot) Shell Side (Cold) (C) (C) V (mL/min) (C) (C) V (mL/min) 1 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 4 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim Experimental Heat Duty 5. Calculate the rate of heat rejection for the hot fluid ( ) and the rate at which the cold fluid receives heat ( ) 6. Compare the heat rejection rate of the hot fluid for Experiments a and b of section 4. Which is highest and why? Determining the Predicted Heat Transfer Rate 7. We can calculate theoretical overall heat transfer rate using a correlated heat transfer coefficient (Uo), the area available for heat transfer ( , the log mean temperature difference ( , and a correction factor (F). a. Calculate the log mean temperature difference. b. Calculate the tube side heat transfer coefficients for your experimental conditions. The tube side heat transfer coefficient can be found using the Sieder-Tate correlation for the Nusselt number (neglecting viscosity differences between the fluid at the wall and the bulk fluid): Expt. # Tube Side 1 2 c. Calculate the shell side heat transfer coefficients for your experimental conditions. where: The weighted average mass velocity, defined below, is used in the shell side Reynolds number: LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 5 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim Expt. # Shell Side 1 2 d. Calculate the theoretical overall heat transfer coefficients for each experiment e. Calculate the predicted heat transfer rate 8. Compare the predicted heat transfer rate to the measured heat transfer rate for each experiment. If the values do not agree, list some possible reasons. LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 2 6 | P a g e Dr. Nabila Shamim Report Writing Abstract 5 Points Introduction 5 Points Theory 10 Points Equation of Heat Exchanger A schematic diagram of heat exchanger Experimental Procedure 20 Points Description of the experimental procedure (Section 1 to 3) Results 40 Points (Section 4 to 6) Discussion 7 Points (Section 7) Conclusion 5 Points References 3 Points